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History of Indian Cinema
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Motion pictures came to
India in 1896, when the Lumière Brothers' Cinematograph unveiled six
soundless short films in
Bombay (now Mumbai). This was just one year after
the Lumière brothers (inventors of cinematography) had set up their company in
Paris
.
The first full-length motion picture in India
was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke. Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (1870 - 1944)
affectionately called Dadasaheb Phalke is considered as the 'father of Indian
Cinema'
He fixed up a studio in Dadar Main Road, wrote
the scenario, erected the set and started shooting for his first venture Raja
Harishchandra in 1912. The first full-length story film of Phalke was
completed in 1912 and released at the Coronation cinema on April 21, 1913, for
special invitees and members of the Press.
The success of Raja Harishchandra was
kept up by Phalke with a series of mythological films that followed - Mohini
Bhasmasur (1914), significant for introducing the first woman to act before
the cameras - Kamalabai Gokhale. The significant titles that followed include -
Satyawan Savitri (1914), Satyavadi Raja Harischandra (1917),
Lanka Dahan (1917), Shri Krishna Janma (1918) and Kalia Mardan
(1919).
Ardeshir Irani released Alam Ara, the
first Indian talking film, on 14 March 1931
Studios emerged across major cities such as
Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai as film making became an established craft by 1935,
South Indian cinema gained prominence throughout
India with the release of S.S. Vasan's Chandralekha
Following India's independence, the period from
the late 1940s to the 1960s are regarded by film historians as the 'Golden Age'
of Indian cinema.Some of the most critically acclaimed Indian films of all time
were produced during this period. In commercial Hindi cinema, examples of famous
films at the time include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz
Ke Phool (1959) and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara (1951) and Shree
420 (1955
Some of the most famous epic films of Hindi
cinema were also produced at the time, including Mehboob Khan's Mother India
(1957), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language
Film,[and
K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam (1960).
Pather Panchali (1955), the first part of
the The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959) by Satyajit Ray, marked his entry in
Indian cinema
Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak went on to direct
many more critically-acclaimed 'art films', and they were followed by other
acclaimed Indian independent filmmakers such as Mrinal Sen, Adoor Gopalakrishnan,
Mani Kaul and Buddhadeb Dasgupta
Commercial Tamil cinema experienced a growth in
the number of commercially successful films produced. Some of the most famous
Tamil film personalities at the time included M. G. Ramachandran, Sivaji Ganesan,
M. N. Nambiyar, Asokan and Nagesh
Ray is regarded as one of the greatest auteurs
of 20th century cinema,while Dutt and
Ghatak are also among the greatest
filmmakers of all time.
Some filmmakers such as Shyam Benegal continued
to produce realistic Parallel Cinema throughout the 1970s,
alongside Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Buddhadeb Dasgupta
and Gautam Ghose in Bengali cinema; Adoor Gopalakrishnan, John Abraham and G.
Aravindan in Malayalam cinema; and Mani Kaul, Kumar Shahani, Ketan Mehta, Govind
Nihalani and Vijaya Mehta in Hindi cinema.[
The 1970s did, nevertheless, see the rise of
commercial cinema in form of enduring films such as Sholay (1975), which
solidified Amitabh Bachchan's position as a lead actor.
Commercial cinema further grew
throughout the 1980s and the 1990s with the release of films
such as Mr India (1987), Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak
(1988), Tezaab (1988), Chandni (1989), Maine
Pyar Kiya (1989), Baazigar (1993), Darr
(1993),
Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995) and Kuch Kuch
Hota Hai (1998), many of which starred Aamir Khan, Salman
Khan and Shahrukh Khan.
Facilities for film production in the country include Ramoji
Film City in Hyderabad, the home of Telugu film industry, the
largest film studio complex in the world as certified by
Guinness World Records
( Courtesy: Wikipedia)
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